How to Relieve Mastitis: A Comprehensive Guide

There are many reasons why mastitis can develop:

1. Hyperlactation: Overproduction of milk leading to swelling of the milk ducts.
2. Mammary dysbiosis: Disruption of the naturally occurring bacteria in the breastmilk due to antibiotics.
3. Blocked ducts: Mismanagement of milk flow or improper breastfeeding techniques leading to duct blockage.

It’s important to note that mastitis is not caused by dietary factors, although a balanced diet can support overall recovery.

• Ice packs: Apply them to the affected area to reduce swelling and discomfort. For example, you can apply ice wrapped in a towel every hour or more frequently if desired. It is important not to place ice directly on the skin.
• Pain Relief: Medications like ibuprofen or acetaminophen/paracetamol can help manage pain and inflammation.
• Rest and hydration: Drinking water regularly and ensuring proper rest is essential to recovery.
• Probiotics: There is some evidence that probiotics may help restore balance to the microbiome.

Avoid deep tissue massages, which can worsen symptoms or cause tissue trauma. Refrain from using heat packs, as they can intensify inflammation and increase discomfort.

Seek medical attention if symptoms persist beyond 24 hours or worsen despite conservative measures. Red flags include:
• High fever
• Rapid heartbeat
• Unresolved redness or swelling
• Presence of a lump or fluid-filled mass

Healthcare providers diagnose mastitis based on symptoms, physical examination, and sometimes imaging (such as ultrasound) to check for abscesses or blocked ducts.

The diagnosis of mastitis is also done through blood tests and swabs or microbial cultures of any discharge from the breast to assess the severity of the infection and guide antibiotic therapy.

• Antibiotics: Recommended for bacterial mastitis. Common choices include penicillin.
• Therapeutic Ultrasound (TUS): High frequency sound waves are sometimes used to reduce inflammation. However, evidence is inconsistent on its effectiveness.

Learning how to relieve mastitis through these evidence-based treatments can prevent complications and speed up recovery.

Breastfeeding is generally encouraged during mastitis. Regular breastfeeding can help drain milk from the affected breast, reducing the risk of worsening inflammation. Key tips include:

• Optimal positioning: Ensure a proper latch and breastfeeding technique to prevent nipple trauma.
• Alternating breasts: In some severe cases, it may be necessary to temporarily feed from only the unaffected breast. However, women should generally avoid prioritizing one breast, as this can lead to milk stasis in the other breast and increase the risk of mastitis. Unless there is a specific reason—such as excessive pain—breasts should continue to be alternated at each feed.
• Manage discomfort: Use ice packs or anti-inflammatory drugs like ibuprofen to manage pain—this is a key way to relieve mastitis when continuing to breastfeed.

Prevention is often the best approach to managing mastitis. Here are some tips:

• Practice Proper Latch and Positioning: Prevent nipple trauma and ensure effective milk removal.
• Regulate Milk Supply: Avoid excessive pumping, which can increase the risk of inflammation.
• Supportive Bras: A properly fitted bra can reduce strain and improve lymphatic drainage.
• Minimize Stress: Breastfeeding challenges can lead to anxiety or mood disorders, which may indirectly increase mastitis risk.
• Alternate Breasts: Swap between breasts when feeding, and avoid consistently feeding from only one breast to ensure balanced milk drainage.
• Avoid Smoking: Smoking can indirectly increase the risk of infections by affecting immune function.
• Avoid Shaving or Plucking Areolar Hairs: This can prevent skin irritation and reduce the risk of infection.